大一上C语言小作业——2048小游戏

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大一上C语言小作业——2048小游戏

项目要求：使用C语言编写2048小游戏

界面设置部分

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void HideCursor() {            //隐藏光标
    CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO curInfo;
    curInfo.dwSize = 1;
    curInfo.bVisible = FALSE;
    HANDLE handle = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
    SetConsoleCursorInfo(handle, &curInfo);
}

void Goto(int x, int y) {       //光标移动到(x,y)位置
    COORD pos;
    pos.X = x;
    pos.Y = y;
    HANDLE handle = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
    SetConsoleCursorPosition(handle, pos);
}

void PreWork() {
    system("title 2048");        //窗口标题为2048
    system("mode con cols=40 lines=21");  //窗口大小
    system("chcp 65001 > nul");  //中文支持
    HideCursor();                //隐藏光标
    CONSOLE_FONT_INFOEX cfi;
    cfi.cbSize = sizeof cfi;
    cfi.nFont = 0;
    cfi.dwFontSize.X = 15;
    cfi.dwFontSize.Y = 30;
    cfi.FontFamily = FF_DONTCARE;
    cfi.FontWeight = FW_NORMAL;
    SetCurrentConsoleFontEx(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), FALSE, &cfi);
    srand((unsigned) time(NULL));  //随机函数种子
}

游戏初始化

游戏”棋盘“初始化要做的事：

  • 清空“棋盘”
  • 生成两个数（2或4），其中生成2的概率较大
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void InitGameMap() {
    score = 0;
    memset(gameMap, -1, sizeof(gameMap));
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
        for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++) {
            gameMap[i][j] = 0;
        }
    }
    int total = 0;
    while (total < 2) {
        int x = rand() % 4 + 1;
        int y = rand() % 4 + 1;
        int temp = rand() % 6 + 1;  //temp 的范围是[1, 6]
        int num = 2;
        if (temp == 1) num = 4;     //设置1/6的概率生成数字4
        if (!gameMap[x][y]) {
            gameMap[x][y] = num;
            total++;
        }
    }
}

移动

2048游戏中最关键的就是处理按下方向键后，棋盘中数字的移动。以向左移动为例：

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void MoveLeft() {
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {  //处理第i行
        int k = 1;
        for (int j = 2; j <= n; j++) {
            if (gameMap[i][j]) {
                if (!gameMap[i][k]) {                      // gameMap[i,k] is empty
                    gameMap[i][k] = gameMap[i][j];
                    gameMap[i][j] = 0;
                } else if (gameMap[i][k] != gameMap[i][j]) {
                    if (k + 1 != j) {
                        gameMap[i][k + 1] = gameMap[i][j];
                        gameMap[i][j] = 0;
                    }
                    k++;
                } else {                                   //merge:gameMap[i][k] ==gameMap[i][j]
                    gameMap[i][k] <<= 1;
                    gameMap[i][j] = 0;
                    score += gameMap[i][k];
                    k++;                                   // the number can't be merged again
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

其余移动原理相同，不再赘述。

判断游戏输赢

CheckGame()函数用来判断游戏输赢：

  • 若棋盘上有数字达到2048则胜利
  • 若棋盘已满且无法移动（任何两个相邻的数都不相同）则失败
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int CheckGame() {
    int count_of_zero = 0;
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
        for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++) {
            if (!gameMap[i][j]) count_of_zero++;
            if (gameMap[i][j] == 2048)
                return 1;                                 // win
        }
    if (count_of_zero)
        return 0;                                         // continue
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
        for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++)
            if (gameMap[i][j] == gameMap[i + 1][j]
                || gameMap[i][j] == gameMap[i - 1][j]
                || gameMap[i][j] == gameMap[i][j + 1]
                || gameMap[i][j] == gameMap[i][j - 1])
                return 0;                                 // continue
    return -1;                                            // lose
}

打印棋盘&更新棋盘

  • 尽量减少system("pause")语句的运用，能减少屏幕闪烁的情况。
  • PrintNumber函数用来格式化地打印格子中的数
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void PrintNumber(int x) {
    if (x < 10)
        printf("  %d │", x);
    else if (x < 100)
        printf(" %d │", x);
    else printf("%4d│", x);
}

void ShowMap() {
    system("cls");
    Goto(5, 0);
    if (score > best) best = score;
    printf("Score: %6d  Best: %6d\n", score, best);
    printf("      _______________________ \n\n");
    printf("       ┌────┬────┬────┬────┐\n");
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
        printf("       │");
        for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++) {
            if (gameMap[i][j])
                PrintNumber(gameMap[i][j]);
            else printf("    │");
        }
        printf("\n");
        if (i <= 3)
            printf("       ├────┼────┼────┼────┤\n");
        else
            printf("       └────┴────┴────┴────┘\n");
    }
    printf("      _______________________ \n");
    printf("[Q] Back to menu.");
}

void UpdateMap() {  //棋盘不用重新打印
    Goto(5, 0);
    if (score > best) best = score;
    printf("Score: %6d  Best: %6d\n", score, best);
    Goto(0, 3);
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
        for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++) {
            Goto(3 + 5 * j, i * 2 + 2);
            if (gameMap[i][j])
                PrintNumber(gameMap[i][j]);
            else printf("    ");//4:
        }
        printf("\n");
    }
}

游戏进行

  • 判断是新游戏模式还是旧游戏模式，如果是新游戏，则要初始化棋盘
  • 处理键盘输入，进行数字的移动并生成新的数字
  • 每次判断游戏是否结束
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void Game(int game_type) {
    if (game_type == 1) {
        InitGameMap();   //new game
        have_old_game = 1;
    }
    int haveMap = 0;
    while (1) {
        if (!haveMap) {
            ShowMap();
            haveMap = 1;
        } else {
            UpdateMap();
        }
        int state = CheckGame();
        if (CheckGame() == 1) {
            printf("\n              You Win!\n");
            system("pause");
            have_old_game = 0;
            break;
        } else if (CheckGame() == -1) {
            printf("\n              You Lose!\n");
            have_old_game = 0;
            system("pause");
            break;
        }
        char type;
        int flag = 0;
        type = getch();
        switch (type) {
            case UP:
            case 'w':
                MoveUp();
                flag = 1;
                break;
            case DOWN:
            case 's':
                MoveDown();
                flag = 1;
                break;
            case LEFT:
            case 'a':
                MoveLeft();
                flag = 1;
                break;
            case RIGHT:
            case 'd':
                MoveRight();
                flag = 1;
                break;
            case 'q':
            case 'Q':
                haveMap = 0;
                return;
        }
        if (flag) {
            int count_of_zero = 0;
            for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
                for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++)
                    if (!gameMap[i][j]) count_of_zero++;
            if (count_of_zero > 0) {
                int total = 0;
                while (total < 1) {
                    int x = rand() % 4 + 1;
                    int y = rand() % 4 + 1;
                    int temp = rand() % 6 + 1;
                    int num = 2;
                    if (temp == 1) num = 4;
                    if (!gameMap[x][y]) {
                        gameMap[x][y] = num;
                        total++;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

菜单界面

菜单界面Menu()要处理通过上下键或[W][S]键选择模式。ShowMenu(x)函数用来打印当前选择了号模式时的菜单界面。

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void ShowMenu(int x) {
    system("cls");
    int print_X = 14;
    Goto(0, 0);
    printf("       ____   ___  _  _    ___  \n");
    printf("      |___ \\ / _ \\| || |  ( _ ) \n");
    printf("        __) | | | | || |_ / _ \\ \n");
    printf("       / __/| |_| |__   _| (_) |\n");
    printf("      |_____|\\___/   |_|  \\___/ \n");
    Goto(print_X, 7);
    printf("1.New Game\n");
    Goto(print_X, 8);
    printf("2.Old Game\n");
    Goto(print_X, 9);
    printf("3.Exit\n");
    Goto(print_X - 1, 6 + x);
    printf(">");
    Goto(3, 11);
    printf("Please type [UP][DOWN] or [w][s] \nto choose your game.\n   Type [ENTER] to enter the game.");
}

void Menu() {
    int now_point = 1;
    int last_point = 0;
    int haveMenu = 0;
    while (1) {
        char type;
        int flag = 0;
        if (!haveMenu) {
            ShowMenu(now_point);
            haveMenu = 1;
        } else {
            Goto(14 - 1, 6 + now_point);
            printf(">");
            Goto(14 - 1, 6 + last_point);
            printf(" ");
        }
        type = getch();
        switch (type) {
            case UP:
            case 'w':
                flag = 1;
                last_point = now_point;
                now_point = (now_point + 1) % 3 + 1;
                break;
            case DOWN:
            case 's':
                flag = 1;
                last_point = now_point;
                now_point = now_point % 3 + 1;
                break;
            case ENTER:
                if (now_point <= 2) {
                    haveMenu = 0;
                    Game(now_point);
                } else {
                    return;
                }
                break;
        }
    }
}

完整代码

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#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <windows.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <conio.h>

#define ROW 6
#define COL 6
#define MAP_ROW 40
#define MAP_COL 30

#define UP 72
#define DOWN 80
#define LEFT 75
#define RIGHT 77
#define ENTER 13

const int n = 4;
int score = 0;
int best = 0;
int gameMap[ROW][COL];
int have_old_game = 0;

void HideCursor();

void Goto(int x, int y);

void InitGameMap();

void PreWork();

void ShowMap();

void UpdateMap();

void Game(int game_type);     // begin the game

void MoveLeft();

void MoveRight();

void MoveUp();

void MoveDown();

void ShowMenu(int x);

void Menu();

void PrintNumber(int x);

int CheckGame();

int main() {
    PreWork();
    Menu();
    return 0;
}

void HideCursor() {
    CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO curInfo;
    curInfo.dwSize = 1;
    curInfo.bVisible = FALSE;
    HANDLE handle = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
    SetConsoleCursorInfo(handle, &curInfo);
}

void Goto(int x, int y) {
    COORD pos;
    pos.X = x;
    pos.Y = y;
    HANDLE handle = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
    SetConsoleCursorPosition(handle, pos);
}

void PreWork() {
    system("title 2048");
    system("mode con cols=40 lines=21");
    system("chcp 65001 > nul");  //Chinese
    HideCursor();
    CONSOLE_FONT_INFOEX cfi;
    cfi.cbSize = sizeof cfi;
    cfi.nFont = 0;
    cfi.dwFontSize.X = 15;
    cfi.dwFontSize.Y = 30;
    cfi.FontFamily = FF_DONTCARE;
    cfi.FontWeight = FW_NORMAL;
    SetCurrentConsoleFontEx(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), FALSE, &cfi);
    srand((unsigned) time(NULL));
}

void InitGameMap() {
    score = 0;
    memset(gameMap, -1, sizeof(gameMap));
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
        for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++) {
            gameMap[i][j] = 0;
        }
    }
    int total = 0;
    while (total < 2) {
        int x = rand() % 4 + 1;
        int y = rand() % 4 + 1;
        int temp = rand() % 6 + 1;
        int num = 2;
        if (temp == 1) num = 4;
        if (!gameMap[x][y]) {
            gameMap[x][y] = num;
            total++;
        }
    }
}

void PrintNumber(int x) {
    if (x < 10)
        printf("  %d │", x);
    else if (x < 100)
        printf(" %d │", x);
    else printf("%4d│", x);
}

void ShowMap() {
    system("cls");
    Goto(5, 0);
    if (score > best) best = score;
    printf("Score: %6d  Best: %6d\n", score, best);
    printf("      _______________________ \n\n");
    printf("       ┌────┬────┬────┬────┐\n");
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
        printf("       │");
        for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++) {
            if (gameMap[i][j])
                PrintNumber(gameMap[i][j]);
            else printf("    │");
        }
        printf("\n");
        if (i <= 3)
            printf("       ├────┼────┼────┼────┤\n");
        else
            printf("       └────┴────┴────┴────┘\n");
    }
    printf("      _______________________ \n");
    printf("[Q] Back to menu.");
}

void UpdateMap() {
    Goto(5, 0);
    if (score > best) best = score;
    printf("Score: %6d  Best: %6d\n", score, best);
    Goto(0, 3);
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
        for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++) {
            Goto(3 + 5 * j, i * 2 + 2);
            if (gameMap[i][j])
                PrintNumber(gameMap[i][j]);
            else printf("    ");//4:
        }
        printf("\n");
    }
}

void MoveLeft() {
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
        int k = 1;
        for (int j = 2; j <= n; j++) {
            if (gameMap[i][j]) {
                if (!gameMap[i][k]) {                      // gameMap[i,k] is empty
                    gameMap[i][k] = gameMap[i][j];
                    gameMap[i][j] = 0;
                } else if (gameMap[i][k] != gameMap[i][j]) {
                    if (k + 1 != j) {
                        gameMap[i][k + 1] = gameMap[i][j];
                        gameMap[i][j] = 0;
                    }
                    k++;
                } else {                                   //merge:gameMap[i][k] ==gameMap[i][j]
                    gameMap[i][k] <<= 1;
                    gameMap[i][j] = 0;
                    score += gameMap[i][k];
                    k++;                                   // the number can't be merged again
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

void MoveRight() {
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
        int k = n;
        for (int j = n - 1; j >= 1; j--) {
            if (gameMap[i][j]) {
                if (!gameMap[i][k]) {                      // gameMap[i,k] is empty
                    gameMap[i][k] = gameMap[i][j];
                    gameMap[i][j] = 0;
                } else if (gameMap[i][k] != gameMap[i][j]) {
                    if (k - 1 != j) {
                        gameMap[i][k - 1] = gameMap[i][j];
                        gameMap[i][j] = 0;
                    }
                    k--;
                } else {                                   //merge:gameMap[i][k] ==gameMap[i][j]
                    gameMap[i][k] <<= 1;
                    gameMap[i][j] = 0;
                    score += gameMap[i][k];
                    k--;                                   // the number can't be merged again
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

void MoveUp() {
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
        int k = 1;
        for (int j = 2; j <= n; j++) {
            if (gameMap[j][i]) {
                if (!gameMap[k][i]) {                      // gameMap[i,k] is empty
                    gameMap[k][i] = gameMap[j][i];
                    gameMap[j][i] = 0;
                } else if (gameMap[k][i] != gameMap[j][i]) {
                    if (k + 1 != j) {
                        gameMap[k + 1][i] = gameMap[j][i];
                        gameMap[j][i] = 0;
                    }
                    k++;
                } else {                                   //merge:gameMap[i][k] ==gameMap[i][j]
                    gameMap[k][i] <<= 1;
                    gameMap[j][i] = 0;
                    score += gameMap[k][i];
                    k++;                                   // the number can't be merged again
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

void MoveDown() {
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
        int k = n;
        for (int j = n - 1; j >= 1; j--) {
            if (gameMap[j][i]) {
                if (!gameMap[k][i]) {                      // gameMap[i,k] is empty
                    gameMap[k][i] = gameMap[j][i];
                    gameMap[j][i] = 0;
                } else if (gameMap[k][i] != gameMap[j][i]) {
                    if (k - 1 != j) {
                        gameMap[k - 1][i] = gameMap[j][i];
                        gameMap[j][i] = 0;
                    }
                    k--;
                } else {                                   // merge:gameMap[i][k] ==gameMap[i][j]
                    gameMap[k][i] <<= 1;
                    gameMap[j][i] = 0;
                    score += gameMap[k][i];
                    k--;                                   // the number can't be merged again
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

/**
 * check if the player wins or loses the game.
 * @return 1 if win,-1 if lose, 0 if continue
 */
int CheckGame() {
    int count_of_zero = 0;
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
        for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++) {
            if (!gameMap[i][j]) count_of_zero++;
            if (gameMap[i][j] == 2048)
                return 1;                                 // win
        }
    if (count_of_zero)
        return 0;                                         // continue
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
        for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++)
            if (gameMap[i][j] == gameMap[i + 1][j]
                || gameMap[i][j] == gameMap[i - 1][j]
                || gameMap[i][j] == gameMap[i][j + 1]
                || gameMap[i][j] == gameMap[i][j - 1])
                return 0;                                 // continue
    return -1;                                            // lose
}

void Game(int game_type) {
    if (game_type == 1) {
        InitGameMap();   //new game
        have_old_game = 1;
    }
    int haveMap = 0;
    while (1) {
        if (!haveMap) {
            ShowMap();
            haveMap = 1;
        } else {
            UpdateMap();
        }
        int state = CheckGame();
        if (CheckGame() == 1) {
            printf("\n              You Win!\n");
            system("pause");
            have_old_game = 0;
            break;
        } else if (CheckGame() == -1) {
            printf("\n              You Lose!\n");
            have_old_game = 0;
            system("pause");
            break;
        }
        char type;
        int flag = 0;
        type = getch();
        switch (type) {
            case UP:
            case 'w':
                MoveUp();
                flag = 1;
                break;
            case DOWN:
            case 's':
                MoveDown();
                flag = 1;
                break;
            case LEFT:
            case 'a':
                MoveLeft();
                flag = 1;
                break;
            case RIGHT:
            case 'd':
                MoveRight();
                flag = 1;
                break;
            case 'q':
            case 'Q':
                haveMap = 0;
                return;
        }
        if (flag) {
            int count_of_zero = 0;
            for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
                for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++)
                    if (!gameMap[i][j]) count_of_zero++;
            if (count_of_zero > 0) {
                int total = 0;
                while (total < 1) {
                    int x = rand() % 4 + 1;
                    int y = rand() % 4 + 1;
                    int temp = rand() % 6 + 1;
                    int num = 2;
                    if (temp == 1) num = 4;
                    if (!gameMap[x][y]) {
                        gameMap[x][y] = num;
                        total++;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

void ShowMenu(int x) {
    system("cls");
    int print_X = 14;
    /*Goto(16, 3);
    printf("2 0 4 8\n");*/
    Goto(0, 0);
    printf("       ____   ___  _  _    ___  \n");
    printf("      |___ \\ / _ \\| || |  ( _ ) \n");
    printf("        __) | | | | || |_ / _ \\ \n");
    printf("       / __/| |_| |__   _| (_) |\n");
    printf("      |_____|\\___/   |_|  \\___/ \n");
    Goto(print_X, 7);
    printf("1.New Game\n");
    Goto(print_X, 8);
    printf("2.Old Game\n");
    Goto(print_X, 9);
    printf("3.Exit\n");
    Goto(print_X - 1, 6 + x);
    printf(">");
    Goto(3, 11);
    printf("Please type [UP][DOWN] or [w][s] \nto choose your game.\n   Type [ENTER] to enter the game.");
}

void Menu() {
    int now_point = 1;
    int last_point = 0;
    int haveMenu = 0;
    while (1) {
        char type;
        int flag = 0;
        if (!haveMenu) {
            ShowMenu(now_point);
            haveMenu = 1;
        } else {
            Goto(14 - 1, 6 + now_point);
            printf(">");
            Goto(14 - 1, 6 + last_point);
            printf(" ");
        }
        type = getch();
        switch (type) {
            case UP:
            case 'w':
                flag = 1;
                last_point = now_point;
                now_point = (now_point + 1) % 3 + 1;
                break;
            case DOWN:
            case 's':
                flag = 1;
                last_point = now_point;
                now_point = now_point % 3 + 1;
                break;
            case ENTER:
                if (now_point <= 2) {
                    haveMenu = 0;
                    Game(now_point);
                } else {
                    return;
                }
                break;
        }
    }
}